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Research concerning the impact of earthquake victims' individual behavior and its association with earthquake-related injuries is lacking. This study examined this relationship along with effectiveness of earthquake rescue measures. The six most severely destroyed townships during the Lushan earthquake were examined; 28 villages and three earthquake victims' settlement camp areas were selected as research areas. Inclusion criteria comprised living in Lushan county for a longtime, living in Lushan county during the 2013 Lushan earthquake, and having one's home destroyed. Earthquake victims with an intellectual disability or communication problems were excluded. The earthquake victims (N (number) = 5165, male = 2396) completed a questionnaire (response rate: 94.7%). Among them, 209 were injured (5.61%). Teachers (p < 0.0001, OR (odds ratios) = 3.33) and medical staff (p = 0.001, OR = 4.35) were more vulnerable to the earthquake than were farmers. Individual behavior was directly related to injuries, such as the first reaction after earthquake and fear. There is an obvious connection between earthquake-related injury and individual behavior characteristics. It is strongly suggested that victims receive mental health support from medical practitioners and the government to minimize negative effects. The initial reaction after an earthquake also played a vital role in victims' trauma; therefore, earthquake-related experience and education may prevent injuries. Self-aid and mutual help played key roles in emergency, medical rescue efforts.

Drawing on a number of theories, this paper explores both why and how the capacity for collective action influences deviance processing decisions. Specifically, data for a sample of male and female defendants convicted of both theft and forgery offenses are examined to estimate the effects on criminal processing decisions of (1) the organizational, as opposed to the individual, victim, (2) the organization of individual offenders, as indicated by the presence of co‐defendants, and (3) the respective intimacy in the victim‐offender relationship on both the organizational and the individual level. While organization on the part of the criminal offenders appears to have no effect on the dispositional process, the presence of an organizational victim ensures longer periods of probationary supervision for the respective offender. Moreover, this relationship remains regardless of whether the defendant was involved with the organization he victimized. Accordingly, this study suggests both that businesses are in fact treated differently from individuals in the criminal courtroom and that the expansion of our analysis of victim attributes in the study of deviance processing decisions is long overdue.

Incidents of sexual abuse and assault are reaching epidemic proportions. Approximately 2.6 million women are victims of intimate partner violence annually, while as many as 15 percent of female college students have disclosed they were raped. Both new legislation and sweeping societal changes will be necessary to reverse this persistent trend

By considering various case studies drawn from contemporary culture, I propose the idea of victim-blaming shaming, which, like victim blaming, involves replicating injustice by focusing attention on the particular situation rather than the general problem. In cases of victim-blaming
shaming, a person is criticized for in any way addressing a problem by addressing the victim. Victim-blaming not only involves an inconsistent ethic, but because of this inconsistency promotes that which it opposes. It responds to a social problem by directing attention to an individual within
that problematic social situation.

This study looks at environmental problems from the perspective of the victims. The bottom line consequences are often damaging to the health of individuals or communities and they raise a wide range of issues concerning justice, international and environmental law, public health, occupational health and health policy, social policy and welfare, international relations and security. All of these issues are addressed by the contributors, and the work is designed for a spectrum of readers, whether concerned with industrial hazards and occupational health, relevant agreements or treaties, environ

Looking beyond the standard discourse about political victims, with its dichotomies of good and evil--and believing that more can be done to effectively recognize and respond to political victims--Erica Bouris interrogates the assumptions that are typically made about the identity of victims, the roles that these individuals play in conflict, and their needs in the postconflict period.

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Trans(gender) identities: what makes a woman/where are all the men? -- Chapter 3: Self-identity and social harm: the need for recognition -- Chapter 4: Seeking love within post-war neoliberal influence and control -- Chapter 5: Seeking esteem whilst sustaining neoliberal hierarchies -- Chapter 6: Achieving respect via neoliberal rules and values -- Chapter 7: Implications and priorities for the future.

This article introduces individual-level microdata on victims of violence in Nepal's civil war (1996-2006). The data being presented in this study are unique in that they are a census-not a sample-of the known population of victims for which information could be collected. The unit of analysis is the individual victim, and the data provide information on: whether the victim was killed, injured, or disappeared; the districts and villages where they were targeted; their permanent home addresses; the circumstances of the attack (combat, extrajudicial, etc.); socioeconomic information; whether they had any affiliation to rebel groups or other political parties; identification of the perpetrator; and whether the victim was considered to be a government or Maoist informant. After describing the data, an application of the data is performed and some preliminary findings are discussed on the differences in targeting behavior between the government and the Maoist rebels. (International Interactions (London)/ FUB)